If the Universe had expanded one million millionth parts faster, then all the material in the Universe would have dispersed by now. . . . And if it had been a million millionth part slower, then gravitational forces would have caused the Universe to collapse within the first thousand million years or so of its existence.
scientists find it mysterious that the universe was created in such a highly ordered condition... any successful theory of cosmology should ultimately explain this entropy problem
Col. Homestar wrote:I also pointed out that the evolution theory has not answered why, the elements of the universe hasn’t fallen into disorder.
I wrote:Start with one basic fact. "I exist." From that, it follows that any conditions necessary for my existence must be true. This is true 100% of the time (actually 100%, not one of those infinitesimals I was talking about earlier), regardless of what the rest of your model says or predicts. The causality goes as [IF NOT "conditions", THEN NOT "we exist"]; we derive the contrapositive of [IF "we exist", THEN "conditions"]. None of this is affected by opinion.
Since we know it must be true, it is therefore uninteresting. If the universe contained only hydrogen, either no life would arise, or hydrogen-based life would be observing that "only hydrogen" was true. The information is only interesting to you if you believe humans are inherently special; that the entire universe was meant for us. Aside from this being colossally arrogant, we have found nothing suggesting that we are particularly unique among the residents of Earth (merely the first to cross the bend on the exponential tech development curve), or that Earth is particularly unique among the planets, or even that our galaxy is particularly unique.
Col. Homestar wrote:In closing this post I ask that 2 questions be answered.
1. Can you explain the origins of life, and can you explain how energy can be directed with a creative purpose at random
2. When the natural course for elements is equilibration, how is it that the universe (which coincidentally is attuned nicely to support our existence) has not fallen into disarray?
Darth Crater wrote:The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that over time, a closed system will proceed toward a more stable state - one with less energy available for work. Note that this only applies to closed systems. The Earth is not a closed system, not least because the Sun is constantly adding energy. You can get a better idea of the Second Law by imagining the future of the Earth and Sun. Eventually, the sun will run out of hydrogen, fuse helium (turning into a red giant), run out of that, collapse into a white dwarf, and gradually stop giving off energy altogether. At that point, the Earth (supposing it survived the red giant phase somehow) will stop receiving energy and its entropy will increase until no more work can be done.
Darth Crater wrote:1. As I said, based on the evidence, I believe that life formed via chemical processes. It is not impossible that it was guided, but without evidence of such I prefer the simpler hypothesis.
2.The universe is slowly falling into entropy. Eventually all er will have formed (by fusion or radiation) into iron or nickel, all free energy will be exhausted, and nothing will ever happen again. This has no bearing on any processes happening on Earth (especially on timescales less than the billions of years).
Darth Crater wrote:-I remember the numbers being debated somewhere in the first 10 or 20 pages of this thread. Estimates varied, but I remember a point being raised (by someone who actually knew biology) that it's not simply mashing random chemicals together - there are processes involved that reduce the odds.
Darth Crater wrote:My belief on this is that we don't have enough information to know the numbers within any less than several orders of magnitude, but that it is physically possible and the odds are low enough that at least one planet is likely to have this occur somewhere in the lifetime of the universe. (And anyway, if it hadn't occurred in this universe, we wouldn't be around to observe...)
Darth Crater wrote:It's certainly possible that some other being could have consciously created life, but we don't have any evidence pointing to this being's existence or involvement. Find some, or eliminate all possible natural causes, and I'll consider it.
Darth Crater wrote:On natural selection:
I can only assume you were misled by extremists while researching abiogenesis, because pretty much everything you have on this is false.
Darth Crater wrote:-Yes, the vast majority of mutations are unhelpful or even harmful. No, not all of them are. Natural selection is slow. Positive mutations will gradually appear and take hold.
-Your Smith and Sullivan quote is deceptive. In the short term, mutations may have only a small effect on an organism's chances of survival and reproduction. Over the long term, positive mutations will (by virtue of making their possessors even slightly more likely to reproduce) tend to spread.
-Those "backward steps" are just the unhelpful mutations mentioned earlier. If they are less effective than the species baseline, they will not be selected for and will make no change overall. They don't set the species as a whole back in any way.
-Complex systems can arise in small steps, each of which is neutral, or beneficial in a different way. I think this was mentioned earlier, but I won't blame you if you don't bother digging for it.
Darth Crater wrote:-In general, natural selection works, and has been proven to work. In the real world, as well as computer simulations. If natural selection didn't work, the entire field of evolutionary algorithms wouldn't exist. Really, natural selection is more of a law of probability than a scientific theory at this point.
Darth Crater wrote:2. I suppose you came to the right person to stress-test that argument - a Computer Science major.
Darth Crater wrote:-Order does not require design. It does require rules, and those rules are usually designed.
Darth Crater wrote:When setting up an evolutionary algorithm, you specify the rules.
Darth Crater wrote:In real life, the rules are the universe's fundamental laws, or follow from those. We have no way to tell if those rules were purposefully designed, though.
Please, my misguided, confused sir, make up your mind. Are they, or are they not, designed?Darth Crater wrote: rules are usually designed.
Darth Crater wrote:-I was never taught that rule or anything like it. It's true that most of the code we work with is designed by humans. Not all of it, though - evolutionary algorithms can produce working code
Darth Crater wrote:with no human input save for the initial rules.
Darth Crater: wrote:-No, we can't replicate the information density of DNA yet. We don't have molecular assemblers. Our cells do. Within a century, we should have machines that can do it.
-Working in base 4 is not fundamentally different from working in base 2, or any other base. It might end up more size-efficient for storing information, but at the cost of more complex decoding. There's a reason we only work in base 2 (well, aside from the fact that the majority of numbers being processed are either 0 or 1 anyway).
-Perfectly engineered? Most of our DNA is a complete mess. Some of it is only used as a buffer; some of it is bits of ancient viruses; some, we don't know if it does anything at all. To continue the computer metaphors, it's 750 megabytes of Assembly generated by one of those evolutionary algorithms I mentioned, some of which is around 30 years old, some of which is new, some of which depends on undocumented external libraries, none of which is commented, and at least one bit of which used to be the ILOVEYOU virus. It shouldn't work at all, and if a human had created it they would be fired on the spot. But it does work, somehow, so we get by and gradually try to understand it.
Darth Crater wrote:It shouldn't work at all…But it does work, somehow
Darth Crater wrote:-Self-healing and self-replicating code is simple. Write some code, save it to a file, set up checksums (say, via Hamming code). The code will copy the file it was executed from, use the checksums to verify and fix it, generate checksums for the new file, and execute it. Any virus or malware on the internet has at least the self-replicating bit down.
Darth Crater wrote:3. You're using the word "faith" in its usual context of "belief without evidence", correct?
Darth Crater wrote:However, the scientific community (and the scientific method) are designed around evidence. They minimize the need for "faith" as much as possible. Scientists are peer-reviewed - their competence is certified, their papers are checked, and their experiments are published to be replicated. If we don't like their work, we can test it ourselves. I don't have to take natural selection on faith - I can go to BoxCar 2D and watch it happen.
Darth Crater wrote:I have less confidence in my beliefs about natural abiogenesis, but I have not encountered a better explanation (no, proposing a supernatural force that deliberately formed and protected life, but who we cannot otherwise detect or communicate with, is not "better" - it is more complex than natural abiogenesis, and no more useful).
Darth Crater wrote:On the cosmos: again, order does not require design.
Darth Crater wrote: It simply requires rules, like gravity, electromagnetism, and the nuclear forces.
Darth Crater wrote:Everything else is emergent. I haven't got any evidence for anything that happened before the Big Bang, so I can't choose between hypotheses. Once it formed, everything we see formed via those rules.
Darth Crater wrote:[The world] is natural, wild, and glorious; it need not be designed. If you want to say the universe was created by a deity, go ahead
Darth Crater wrote:misled by extremists
Darth Crater wrote:Suppose that Penrose and the others find that the universe differs sufficiently from our predictions that nothing but a deity's intervention explains it. Suppose that we somehow prove a deity intervened there. (For all we know, this might happen in the next 30 years. This is still a relatively new and growing field.) This does nothing to disprove evolution. All of the evidence indicating that evolution occurred still remains.
Darth Crater wrote:You state that lack of evidence is not evidence. This is false. Absence of evidence for something is evidence for that thing's absence. The strength of that evidence is determined by the amount of relevant data collected. Humanity has collected massive amounts of data on evolution, and found nothing that indicated supernatural manipulation or tampering.
1. As I said, based on the evidence, I believe that life formed via chemical processes. It is not impossible that it was guided, but without evidence of such I prefer the simpler hypothesis.
Darth Crater wrote:As a final note, you seem remarkably broad about "evolution", as if you've set it up as a sort of opposite pillar to the Christian god. Let me make this absolutely clear: No competent person worships evolution or takes it on faith. They believe the theory because it best explains what we know. Evolution is a specific thing (in fact, two specific things which you refuse to differentiate between anymore), not some overarching opposing figure. It is not mutually exclusive with most religious beliefs.
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